Chest Tightness and Palpitations Associated With Modafinil and Consumption of Free Glutamate

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Back to table of contents Previous article Next article Letters to the EditorFull AccessChest Tightness and Palpitations Associated With Modafinil and Consumption of Free GlutamatePETER T. MORGAN M.D., Ph.D.ROBERT T. MALISON M.D.,PETER T. MORGAN M.D., Ph.D.Search for more papers by this authorROBERT T. MALISON M.D.Search for more papers by this author,Published Online:1 Apr 2008https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2007.07040717AboutSectionsPDF/EPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail To the Editor: Nausea and anxiety are common side effects of modafinil. Palpitations are common at higher doses when increased dosing is not performed (1) , but a lower dose of 400 mg without increase has been tolerated in cocaine-dependent subjects (2) . We report the case of a possible interaction between modafinil and the consumption of free glutamate. “Mr. B,” a 40-year-old African American man with a 16-year history of cocaine use, was participating in an inpatient research study. He had no significant medical history, was not receiving any medication, was abstinent from cocaine use for 6 days, and had unremarkable physical and laboratory examinations. On days 1 and 2 of the study, he received modafinil, 400 mg, at 7:30 a.m. He reported mild anxiety (1 on a 0- to 3-point scale), mild nausea, and a strong but not fast heartbeat (pulse: 68–82; blood pressure:120–140/80–90), which began 30 to 60 minutes after dosing on both days. These symptoms resolved within 8 hours, and on day 2, at 9:00 p.m., he rated his anxiety and nausea as 0. From approximately 10:30 to 11:00 p.m. on day 2, he ate a large meal of take-out food, including substantial soy sauce and other free-glutamate containing foods, with a total free-glutamate content estimated at 3 to 7 grams of monosodium glutamate equivalent (3 , 4) or approximately 10 times the typical Western daily consumption (4 , 5) . According to his own recollection as well as that of his wife, he had eaten similarly from the same restaurant at least three times during the past year without incident and had no known sensitivity to monosodium glutamate. Thirty minutes after he finished eating, he reported sleeplessness, chest tightness, nausea (moderate), anxiety (moderate), and a pounding but not fast heartbeat, and he appeared severely anxious and in significant distress to the staff. His vital signs were unremarkable (blood pressure:136/84; pulse 84). He was transferred to the emergency department for evaluation. All symptoms subsided within 2 hours, with no electrocardiogram changes or cardiac-enzyme elevation. The patient returned to the research unit with a diagnosis of palpitations. Modafinil, 200 mg daily, was started 30 hours later and increased to 400 mg without incident after 2 days. In our patient, the symptoms reported on the second night included the side effects he experienced earlier in the day, and in retrospect, he described them as “the same but much more intense.” The timing, however, was consistent with the spike in plasma glutamate after a glutamate-rich meal (6) and not with modafinil pharmacokinetics (4) . Although in preclinical models modafinil does not increase glutamate synthesis (7) , it increases brain glutamate (8) , suggesting that an interaction between modafinil and the consumption of free glutamate could have caused the incident reported in our case. New Haven, Conn.Supported by the National Center for Research Resources (PTM; K12RR17594), the National Institute on Drug Abuse (RTM; R01DA011744), and the Connecticut Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services.The authors report no competing interests.This letter (doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2007.07040717) was accepted for publication in August 2007.