Abstract
• Bacterial pneumonias have similar radiographic patterns in immunocompetent and immunosuppressed patients. Chest radiographs and CT show consolidation, which may be focal (segmental or lobar), patchy or diffuse.• Tuberculosis in immunocompetent patients most frequently manifests as the reactivation (secondary) pattern, whereas immunosuppressed patients present the primary pattern of the disease.• If a neutropenic febrile patient presents with pulmonary nodules or consolidation surrounded by ground-glass opacities (“halo sign”), angioinvasive fungal infection must be the first diagnosis.• Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia should be the main diagnosis when ground-glass attenuation is seen in patients with human immunodeficiency virus with CD4+ <200 cells per cubic millimetre.• High-resolution CT features in viral infections are similar and show small poorly defined centrilobular nodules and consolidation foci and/or ground-glass attenuation with peribronchial distribution, and are multifocal and often bilate...
Published Version
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