Abstract
Dental and oral anomalies are among the most common long-term side effects of childhood cancer therapy. To evaluate chemotherapy as a risk factor for caries lesions and gingivitis in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) treated with the ALL IC-BFM 2009 chemotherapy protocol. A retrospective cohort study was designed. Clinical records of 23 paediatric patients with ALL exposed to chemotherapy in the Regional Hospital in Valdivia, Chile, and 46 unexposed patients assessed every 3months for 24months were analyzed. The data on gender, age, index of the number of decayed, missing, or filled teeth, and the presence of gingivitis were recorded (Mann-Whitney U test and logistic regression analysis, p≤.05). A significantly greater frequency of gingivitis (69.57%; p<.002) and a mean of new caries lesions were observed in children treated with chemotherapy than in the unexposed children (p<.01). The chemotherapy protocol presented a relative risk of 2.15 (95% CI=1.22 - 2.66; p=.01) for new caries lesions and 2.29 (95% CI=1.76 - 3.82; p=.002) for gingivitis. The ALL IC-BFM 2009 chemotherapy protocol in patients with ALL is a risk factor for new caries lesions and gingivitis.
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