Abstract
Epimedium brevicornum Maxim (EbM) is a well-known Chinese herb that has been widely used for the treatment of several diseases. The main purpose of this study is to examine the role of Epimedium brevicornum extract in certain andrological parameters in rats as a natural modulator for adverse viewpoints associated with chronic administration of tramadol (TAM). Fifty rats were categorized into five groups. Untreated rats were known as Group I, whereas rats in Groups II and III were administered 2.43 g/kg/day of E. brevicornum extract and 50 mg/kg/day of TAM for 130 consecutive days, respectively. Both of Groups IV and V were administered TAM for 65 successive days, followed by concomitant use of both drugs for another 65 days, with the E. brevicornum extract at doses of 0.81 and 2.43 g/kg/day, respectively. TAM showed an injurious effect on sperm attributes, serum hormones, tissue malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and nitric oxide. Elevation of the apoptotic marker Bax and a reduction of Bcl2 were recorded. Histopathological abnormalities have been reported in rat testicles. Rats treated with E. brevicornum extract with TAM showed an improvement in all the parameters tested. It could be presumed that E. brevicornum extract plus TAM exhibits a promising effect on the enhancement of male anti-infertility effects.
Highlights
Data were interpreted as mean ± SEM, and a p-value
(TAM)is is atypical, midway-acting manufactured painused relief rid of to severe agony, with antinociceptive impacts that are interceded by a mixture of mu-opioid moderate to severe agony, with antinociceptive impacts that are interceded by a mixture agonist of muimpacts and inhibition serotonin andofnorepinephrine reuptake [2]
By modifying the hormones or nonhormonal systems of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis, medicines can legitimately lead to sexual interruption and impairment of spermatogenesis and a change in epididymal growth
Summary
Tramadol hydrochloride hydrochloride (TAM; (TAM; Figure Figure 1). 1) is is classified classified as as aa centralized centralized pain pain reliever reliever agent, agent, used used mainly to treat moderate and severe pain [1]. Tramadol was found to be obtained through opioid mainly to treat moderate and severe pain [1]. Tramadol was found to be obtained through opioid and [2]. TAM is is a racemic mixture of and nonopioid nonopioidmechanisms mechanismsthrough throughsedative/analgesic sedative/analgesicaction action [2].Efficient. Efficient a racemic mixture two enantiomers containing two two well-defined and harmonious mechanisms: the (+)the a μ-opioid of two enantiomers containing well-defined and harmonious mechanisms:. (+) is is a μselective agonist agonist that inhibits serotonin reuptakereuptake to a higher stimulates serotoninserotonin efflux in opioid selective that inhibits serotonin to adegree higherand degree and stimulates the brain, while the (-).
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
