Abstract
Abstract The sex pheromones of various species in the endemic New Zealand hadenine (Noctuidae) genus Graphania were analysed by a combination of chemical analyses of sex pheromone glands of females, and electroantennogram responses and field catches of males. The sex pheromones of these species were found to consist of various mixtures of Δ5-, Δ7-, Δ9-unsaturated tetradecenyl and dodecenyl compounds. No 16-carbon compounds, common in Northern Hemisphere species of Hadeninae, were found in these Graphania species. Based on the sex pheromone analyses, two groups of Graphania species could be discerned. One group, consisting of G. bromias and two taxa (possible sibling species) of G. mutans, used various combinations of tetradecenyl acetates, alcohols, or aldehydes, while the other group, consisting of the species G. insignis, G. plena, and G. ustistriga, apparently used combinations of tetradecenyl and dodecenyl acetates or alcohols. This separation, based on sex pheromones, is consistent with morphological...
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