Abstract
Central Brazilian Cerrado is regarded as the center of origin and dispersion of Hypenia (Lamiaceae: subtribe Hyptidineae) in South America. The genus has either remained undivided or been divided into two or seven taxonomic sections, based almost exclusively on a limited range of floral features. Interspecific chemical delimitation to complement analyses of botanical traits is described. Multivariate analysis of essential oils of ten species in the vegetative stage supports the taxonomic division in two sections. Cluster I included four species belonging to section Laxiflorae in addition to H. irregularis, which were characterized by the highest percentages of spathulenol and caryophyllene oxide. Cluster II contained five species belonging to section Densiflorae with α-cadinol, α-muurolene and a-muurolol as major constituents. Cadinanes and germacranes/ aromadendranes seem to be chemotaxonomic markers of sections Densiflorae and Laxiflorae, respectively. Furthermore, redundancy analysis revealed no significant correlation between edaphic factors and oil chemovariations, suggesting that Hypenia oils consist of constitutive rather than induced compounds.
Highlights
In Cerrado areas throughout Brazil and parts of Eastern South America, the recently redefined and amplified Lamiaceae family is mainly represented by the neotropical subtribe Hyptidinae, tribe Ocimeae, whose patterns of floristic and taxonomic variation have resulted in endemic genera and a large number of new species.[1,2,3] Nine genera of the Hyptidinae have been identified, apparently in two separate clades: one represented by Eriope Humb. & Bonpl. ex Benth., Hypenia (Mart. ex Benth.) R
Despite the great diversity of species that live in these areas, essential oil composition is only known from flowering samples.[12]
Essential oil compositions were obtained from ten species in the vegetative stage, six of which belonged to section Densiflorae (H. chapadensis (Hcha), H. inelegans (Hine), H. irregularis (Hirr), H. jorgeana (Hjor), H. paradisi (Hpar) and H. pruinosa (Hpru)) and four of which belonged to section Laxiflorae (H. calycina (Hcal), H. macrantha (Hmac), H. puchra (Hpuc) and H. rupestre (Hrup)), following Epling’s classification.[6]
Summary
In Cerrado areas throughout Brazil and parts of Eastern South America, the recently redefined and amplified Lamiaceae family is mainly represented by the neotropical subtribe Hyptidinae, tribe Ocimeae, whose patterns of floristic and taxonomic variation have resulted in endemic genera and a large number of new species.[1,2,3] ,. A new and unique species representative of the genus Hypenia in Mexico has recently been described.[8] In Brazil, they are more common in Cerrado regions which hold greater diversity and endemism.[1,4] to the correlated genus Hyptis, Hypenia species are aromatic and are frequently cited in Brazilian Cerrado for their ethnobotanical use, such as the infusion or decoction of leaves in the treatment of flu, common cold and other respiratory diseases.[9] Moderate radical scavenging and antioxidant activities of methanol extracts of leaves and stems of H. salzmannii (Benth.) R. Intraspecific variability was verified by processing more than one population per taxon for three species
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