Abstract
Turmeric (Curcuma longa) has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antitumor properties. However, despite the progress in research with C. longa, there is still a big lacuna in the information on the active principles and their molecular targets. More particularly very little is known about the role of cell cycle genes p57(kip2) and Rad9 during chemoprevention by turmeric and its derivatives especially in prostate cancer cell lines. Accordingly, in this study, we have examined the antitumor effect of several extracts of C. longa rhizomes by successive fractionation in clonogenic assays using highly metastatic PC-3M prostate cancer cell line. A mixture of isopropyl alcohol: acetone: water: chloroform: and methanol extract of C. longa showed significant bioactivity. Further partition of this extract showed that bioactivity resides in the dichloromethane soluble fraction. Column chromatography of this fraction showed presence of biological activity only in ethyl acetate eluted fraction. HPLC, UV-Vis and Mass spectra studies showed presence three curcuminoids in this fraction besides few unidentified components. From these observations it was concluded that the ethyl acetate fraction showed not only inhibition of colony forming ability of PC-3M cells but also up-regulated cell cycle genes p57(kip2) and Rad9 and further reduced the migration and invasive ability of prostate cancer cells.
Highlights
Chemoprevention has been acknowledged as an important and practical strategy for the management of cancer
Methods: in this study, we have examined the antitumor effect of several extracts of C. longa rhizomes by successive fractionation in clonogenic assays using highly metastatic PC-3M prostate cancer cell line
Cell Culture The effect of C. longa fractions were studied on highly metastatic human prostate cancer cell line PC-3M and normal prostate epithelial cells (RWPE-1), both obtained from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC)
Summary
Chemoprevention has been acknowledged as an important and practical strategy for the management of cancer. The epidemiological studies have shown significant correlations between prostate cancer incidence and dietary habits and the potential of dietary substances to act as chemopreventive agents against prostate cancer is increasingly appreciated (Syed et al, 2007: 2008). In this regard long-term well-designed and optimized intervention trials are required to delineate the potential clinical usefulness of C. longa both in normal populations as well as in high- risk groups and warrant further studies in the treatment and prevention of human neoplasm. Conclusions: From these observations it was concluded that the ethyl acetate fraction showed inhibition of colony forming ability of PC-3M cells and up-regulated cell cycle genes p57kip and Rad and further reduced the migration and invasive ability of prostate cancer cells
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