CHEMOMETRIC EXAMINATION OF TRACE ELEMENTS ANALYSIS IN URINARY CALCULI

Violeta Petrova,Mira Trpkovska,Trajče Stafilov,Jožica Majda Bundaleska,Igor Kuzmanovski,Krste Tašev

doi:10.20903/csnmbs.masa.2006.27.1-2.4

Abstract

A b s t r a c t: The content of Pb, Cd, Ni, Fe, Na and K was determined in sixteen samples of urinary calculi taken from patients in Macedonia. The trace elements were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and by flame emission spectrometry. The chemometric examination of the calculi was done by factor analysis. This chemometric method has been extensively used for classification purposes while solving different multidimensional problems. The results obtained from the analysis revealed that the highest correlation exists between the concentrations of lead and potassium. No significant correlation among other analyzed elements was found. The examination of the first two principal components (with 67 % variance captured) calculated from the autoscaled data matrix showed a clear separation between the composition of the calculi taken from male and from female patients, especially in the case of the calculi consisting of the two oxalates (whewellite and weddelite) and those composed of carbonate apatite in mixture with oxalates.

Highlights

The urinary calculi have been extensively studied in our laboratory [1,2,3,4,5,6]
We present the results of the chemometric treatment of data of trace elements analysis of sixteen urinary calculi by atomic absorption spectroscopy
For Pb, Cd and Ni an extraction method [19] was applied to eliminate the influence of Ca and Mg. 5 mL of each sample solution were evaporated in a 100 mL glass beaker of to eliminate HNO3 and H2O2

Summary

INTRODUCTION

The first statistical examination of the composition of urinary calculi in Macedonia was done using infrared spectroscopy as a tool for determining the composition of the calculi [1, 2, 7]. Trpkovska apply some more advanced chemometric techniques for determining the composition of the calculi [4,5,6] so that after some thirty years a new statistical examination of the qualitative composition of concrements taken from the patients from Macedonia [3] has been made. We present the results of the chemometric treatment of data of trace elements analysis of sixteen urinary calculi by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The principal-component analysis [17, 18] (an extremely useful tool for the classification of samples according to some of their properties) was used to analyze the experimental data

EXPERIMENTAL

Procedure

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION