Chemometric Characterization of Synthetic Dye Sorption onto Slovakian River Sediments: A Laboratory Batch Experiment

Anna Koprdová,Martin Valica,Martin Pipíška,Miroslav Horník,Miroslava Bachratá,Vanda Adamcová

doi:10.3390/separations5040057

Anna Koprdová, Martin Valica + Show 4 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/separations5040057

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Abstract

The aim of the work was to characterize the sorption of cationic dyes thioflavine T (ThT) and methylene blue (MB) onto selected Slovakian river sediments using chemometric approaches including principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA). Also, the potential of mentioned multivariate analyses for comparison of studied objects (river sediments or river and model waters) as well as in finding relationships between the variables describing the physico-chemical characteristics of studied matrices or waters and sorption/desorption characteristics of matrices for dyes binding under laboratory conditions was evaluated. Parameters describing the physico-chemical characteristics of sediments include: pH, pHzpc, or cation-exchange capacity; and in the case of waters: pH, conductivity, water hardness, content of dissolved solids or presence of organic compounds. From the comparison of dye sorption onto sediments, it was found that sorption of thiazine dye MB was minimally 1.5-times higher than sorption of benzothiazole dye ThT. Sorption capacities Qs reached the maximum values in the case of sediments originated from Dudvah River (MB-Qs = 8.70 ± 0.42 mg g−1; ThT-Qs = 5.03 ± 0.28 mg g−1; ±SD). Obtained results showed that applied methods of multivariate analyses represent a suitable tool for evaluation of sorption/desorption processes of organic xenobiotics binding in sediments.

Highlights

Environmental pollution caused mainly by organic contaminants as a reverse side of industrialization has been a topic of scientific concern for decades
To reach the main aims of the work, physico-chemical characteristics of obtained river sediments from Dudvah River, Vah River and water reservoir Kralova were determined in the first step
This characterization served to provide a better understanding of dye sorption/desorption processes occurring on the surface of sediments as well as relationships between these processes and the physico-chemical characteristics of river sediments

Summary

Introduction

Environmental pollution caused mainly by organic contaminants as a reverse side of industrialization has been a topic of scientific concern for decades. Many low degradability compounds are major environmental pollutants, such as munitions waste, pesticides, organochlorines, polychlorinated biphenyls, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, synthetic polymers, and synthetic dyes [1]. Among the different pollutants of aquatic ecosystem, synthetic dyes represent large and important group of chemicals. These compounds are extensively used in textile dyeing, paper printing, color photography, pharmaceutical, food, cosmetic, and leather industries. Most synthetic dyes can be described as toxic and highly resistant to degradation due to their complex chemical structures [2]. Some dyes are reported to cause allergy, dermatitis, skin irritation, cancer, and mutations in humans [3]

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