Chemometric and risk assessment of nitrogen composition of atmospheric rainwater from diverse surfaces in Rivers State, Nigeria.

Abstract

Organic and inorganic nitrogen ions in the environment play important role across environmental matrices. Rainwater samples collected from ambient and different roofing surfaces (zinc, aluminium, asbestos and stone-coated roofing sheets) from selected locations at Ogale, Rumuodomaya/Rumuodome, Diobu and Chokocho within Rivers State, Niger Delta, Nigeria, from April to June, July to August and September to October depicting three regiments of early, mid and late rains. The samples were analysed for Kjeldahl nitrogen, ammonium, nitrate and nitrite using APHA methodology. Quantitative assessment showed that Kjeldahl nitrogen were in range of 0.11 to 28.05mg/L; ammonium 0.50 to 20.22mg/L, nitrate from 0.12 to 22.69mg/L and nitrite from 0.15 to 3.90mg/L. Parameters decreased from early to late rain, which can be attributed to rain dilution factor potential, wind pattern and emission from anthropogenic sources that influenced the rainwater quality across surfaces. Nitrogen results showed that dry and wet deposition has great impact; atmospheric aerosols and biogeochemical interactions can affect water quality. Monthly variation showed that Ogale had high regression compared to other locations due to close proximity to oil and gas emission and marine contribution. Neutralization factor showed that nitrate-nitrite compounds have strong correlation with ammonium ion. Non-carcinogenic risk assessment using US EPA model showed hazard index less than one (1), thus no associated health effect of nitrate and nitrite in rainwater. In conclusion, it is evident that nitrate/nitrite levels and other nitrogen derivatives in rainwater in crude oil-producing Niger Delta and its continuous consumption can cause negative health outcome.