Chemokines in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.

Xiongfeng Pan,Aizhong Liu,Shi Wu Wen,Sanjay Kinra,Atipatsa C Kaminga,Xinrui Tan,Hongying Liu

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.690082

Abstract

BackgroundPrevious studies suggested that chemokines may play an important role in the formation and mediation of immune microenvironments of patients affected by Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM). The aim of this study was to summarise available evidence on the associations of different chemokines with T1DM.MethodsFollowing PRISMA guidelines, we systematically searched in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane Library databases for studies on the associations of different chemokines with T1DM. The effect size of the associations were the standardized mean differences (SMDs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the chemokines concentrations, calculated as group differences between the T1DM patients and the controls. These were summarized using network meta-analysis, which was also used to rank the chemokines by surface under cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) probabilities.ResultsA total of 32 original studies on the association of different chemokines with T1DM were identified. Fifteen different chemokine nodes were compared between 15,683 T1DM patients and 15,128 controls, and 6 different chemokine receptor nodes were compared between 463 T1DM patients and 460 controls. Circulating samples (blood, serum, and plasma) showed that concentrations of CCL5 and CXCL1 were significantly higher in the T1DM patients than in the controls (SMD of 3.13 and 1.50, respectively). On the other hand, no significant difference in chemokine receptors between T1DM and controls was observed. SUCRA probabilities showed that circulating CCL5 had the highest rank in T1DM among all the chemokines investigated.ConclusionThe results suggest that circulating CCL5 and CXCL1 may be promising novel biomarkers of T1DM. Future research should attempt to replicate these findings in longitudinal studies and explore potential mechanisms underlying this association.

Highlights

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) affects about 11-22 million people worldwide and accounts for 90% of childhood diabetes [1, 2]
Nine different CC chemokine nodes were compared between 10,013 T1DM patients and 9,713 controls, while 6 different CXC chemokine nodes were compared between 5,670 T1DM patients and 5,415 controls
Concentrations of circulating CXCL1 were significantly higher in the T1DM patients than in the controls (SMD=1.50; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.53 to 2.47; Figure 2)

Summary

Introduction

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) affects about 11-22 million people worldwide and accounts for 90% of childhood diabetes [1, 2]. T1DM is an autoimmune disorder characterized by destruction of the pancreatic b cells [4] In this regard, dysfunction of the b cells leads to severely impaired, or absent insulin secretion, and patients need long-term insulin treatment to survive. Studies have been conducted to explore new insulin adjunct therapies for T1DM. The findings of these studies showed an increasing body of evidence linking T1DM to pancreatic immune microenvironment [8,9,10]. Previous studies suggested that chemokines may play an important role in the formation and mediation of immune microenvironments of patients affected by Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM). The aim of this study was to summarise available evidence on the associations of different chemokines with T1DM

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Conclusion