Abstract
Chemokines play a vital role in tumor progression and metastasis. Chemokines are involved in the growth of many cancers including breast cancer, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, melanoma, lung cancer, gastric cancer, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, colon cancer, non-small lung cancer, non-hodgkin's lymphoma, etc. The expression of chemokines and their receptors is altered in many malignancies and leads to aberrant chemokine receptor signaling. This review focuses on the role of chemokines in key processes that facilitate tumor progression including proliferation, senescence, angiogenesis, epithelial mesenchymal transition, immune evasion and metastasis.
Highlights
Chemokines are a group of small molecular weight proteins that bind to the G protein coupled chemokine receptors [1]
Chemokine receptor CXCR4 is consistently upregulated in metastatic breast cancer cell lines, lymph node metastases, and liver metastases while expression levels are undetectable in normal epithelial cells [38]
While some chemokine receptors, such as CXCR4 and CCR7, have been extensively studied, additional studies are needed to examine the role of other chemokines in tumor progression and metastasis
Summary
Chemokines are a group of small molecular weight proteins that bind to the G protein coupled chemokine receptors [1]. In human colorectal carcinoma cells, the transcription factor SNAIL which plays a critical role in regulating EMT regulates the expression of the chemokine CXCL8, which further demonstrates the importance of CXCL8 or IL-8 in the process of EMT in cancer [23]. The chemokine receptors for CXCL8: CXCR1 and CXCR2 are expressed in human gastric carcinoma cells and play a role in the proliferation of the cancer cells [47].
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