Abstract
A multitude of host genetic factors plays a crucial role in susceptibility to HIV-1 infection and progression to AIDS, which is highly variable among individuals and populations. This review focuses on the chemokine-receptor and chemokine genes, which were extensively studied because of their role as HIV co-receptor or co-receptor competitor and influences the susceptibility to HIV-1 infection and progression to AIDS in HIV-1 infected individuals.
Highlights
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is the causative agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in humans
This review summarizes the chemokines and chemokine receptor variants that modulate the susceptibility and progression to AIDS in HIV infected individuals
Different chemokine receptors have been implicated in HIV pathogenesis, chemokine receptor-5 (CCR5) and CXC chemokine receptor-4 (CXCR4) are the major co-receptors that are used by nonsyncytium inducing (R5) and syncytium inducing (X4) virions, respectively
Summary
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is the causative agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in humans. After the discovery of HIV as the causative agent of AIDS in 1981, nearly 21 million people have died worldwide and nearly 33.4 million people are living with HIV-1 infection globally. There is considerable heterogeneity among individuals in infection susceptibility, in the time required to deplete the CD4 T-lymphocytes population and to develop AIDSdefining diseases [6,7,8]. Significant studies in the past have demonstrated that genetic polymorphisms in human genes can influence the risk for HIV-1 infection and disease progression [16,17,18,19]. This review summarizes the chemokines and chemokine receptor variants that modulate the susceptibility and progression to AIDS in HIV infected individuals
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