Chemokines and Chemokine Receptors in Susceptibility to HIV-1 Infection and Progression to AIDS

Animesh Chatterjee,Tapan N Dhole,Anurag Rathore,Kavita Kakkar,Sanjukta Vidyant

doi:10.1155/2012/147148

Animesh Chatterjee, Tapan N Dhole + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/147148

Copy DOI

Abstract

A multitude of host genetic factors plays a crucial role in susceptibility to HIV-1 infection and progression to AIDS, which is highly variable among individuals and populations. This review focuses on the chemokine-receptor and chemokine genes, which were extensively studied because of their role as HIV co-receptor or co-receptor competitor and influences the susceptibility to HIV-1 infection and progression to AIDS in HIV-1 infected individuals.

Highlights

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is the causative agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in humans
This review summarizes the chemokines and chemokine receptor variants that modulate the susceptibility and progression to AIDS in HIV infected individuals
Different chemokine receptors have been implicated in HIV pathogenesis, chemokine receptor-5 (CCR5) and CXC chemokine receptor-4 (CXCR4) are the major co-receptors that are used by nonsyncytium inducing (R5) and syncytium inducing (X4) virions, respectively

Summary

Introduction

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is the causative agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in humans. After the discovery of HIV as the causative agent of AIDS in 1981, nearly 21 million people have died worldwide and nearly 33.4 million people are living with HIV-1 infection globally. There is considerable heterogeneity among individuals in infection susceptibility, in the time required to deplete the CD4 T-lymphocytes population and to develop AIDSdefining diseases [6,7,8]. Significant studies in the past have demonstrated that genetic polymorphisms in human genes can influence the risk for HIV-1 infection and disease progression [16,17,18,19]. This review summarizes the chemokines and chemokine receptor variants that modulate the susceptibility and progression to AIDS in HIV infected individuals

Chemokines

Chemokine receptor

CCR5 delta 32

CCR5 promoter

Findings

Conclusion