Chemokine Pathway Can Be the Potential Therapeutic Target for Hypertrophic Scar

Abstract

Hypertrophic scar (HTS) is a dermal form of fibroproliferative disease that develops after deep burns, skin injuries, and surgical wounds. HTS is defined as a visible, elevated scar that does not spread into surrounding tissues and often regresses. HTS often leads to physical and psychological issues for patients. Cellular and molecular agents, such as chemokines, bone marrow derived stem cells, TGF-β, fibroblast heterogeneity, toll-like receptor 4, and small leucine-rich proteoglycans, have been known to play an important role in wound healing and abnormal scar formation. Targeting these agents could have therapeutic potential for the treatment of pathological scars. HTS often causes contracture deformities, aesthetic disfigurement, and prolonged periods of hospitalisation and rehabilitation, leading to psychological complications. Numerous treatments have been described for HTS, but the optimal treatment has not yet been established. Chemokines are implicated in all stages of wound healing, but hyperactivity of these agents leads to excessive scarring. A better understanding of the mechanisms of chemokine action, such as the role of the signalling agents in wound healing and abnormal scar formation, will help to establish more effective therapeutic strategies for HTS.