Abstract
Chemokine-like factor (CKLF)–like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing family (CMTMs) is a new gene family, consisting of CKLF and CMTM1 to CMTM8, which plays an important role in hematopoiesis system, autoimmune diseases, male reproduction etc. Abnormal expression of CMTMs is also associated with tumor genesis, development and metastasis. In this review, we briefly describe the characteristics of CMTM family, outline its functions in multiple kinds of carcinomas, and summarize the latest research on their roles in hepatocellular carcinoma which are mainly related to the expression, prognostic effect, potential functions, and mechanism of action. The CMTM family is expected to provide new ideas and targets for HCC diagnosis and treatment.
Highlights
Chemokine-like factor (CKLF)–like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing family (CMTMs) as a new gene family, consists of nine genes totally, which includes CKLF and CMTM1 until CMTM8 genes
CKLF1 could activate the IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway and up-regulation of Bcl-xl, MYC, and cyclins D1 to enhance Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) development and metastasis, and resist the apoptosis induced by Doxorubicin
Their findings were consistent with the results of the Human Protein Atlas which showed that the higher CMTM1 expression was, the poorer prognosis of HCC would be (Figure 1)
Summary
Chemokine-like factor (CKLF)–like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing family (CMTMs) as a new gene family, consists of nine genes totally, which includes CKLF and CMTM1 until CMTM8 genes. CKLF1 and its three variants were first discovered and reported by Han et al from Peking University Human Disease Gene Research Center in 2001 [1]. They identified CMTM1 to CMTM8 genes by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques in the subsequent studies [1, 2]. The functional characteristics of the gene products lie between classical chemokines and members of the transmembrane 4 super family (TM4SF). The promoter hypermethylation of CMTM2 could distinguish Sézary syndrome from erythrodermic inflammatory dermatosis [7] Both CMTM3 and CMTM4 are associated with angiogenesis by regulating cell surface availability of VE-cadherin [13, 14]. We briefly describe the characteristics of the CMTM family, outline the functions of CMTM family in diverse tumors, and focus on summarizing the latest studies on the detailed functions and underlying molecular mechanisms of CMTMs in HCC (Table 1)
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