Chemodiversity and molecular variability in the natural populations (India) of Gloriosa superba (L.) and correlation with eco- geographical factors for the identification of elite chemotype(s)

Abstract

Gloriosa superba L. has economic significance due to colchicine, a bioactive compound used for gout. In present study metabolic and molecular variability in natural population of species was analyzed and correlated with edaphic and climatic factors. Thirty populations (wild) of G. superba were mapped from 10 different eco-regions of India at an elevation range of 10–1526 m, having no morphotypic variations. The two known biologically active alkaloids colchicine (ranged from 0.015–0.516%) and gloriosine (0.19–0.44%) were significantly varied (p < 0.05) among populations, leading to the identification of four elite chemotypes. Molecular variability from ISSR data divides the population in different sub clusters at intra-specific level, presenting the high similarity percentage with bootstrap value of 66–100%. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that elite chemotypes are related to temperature, precipitation and aridity gradient. The rhizospheric soil selenium was significantly correlated with colchicine content in G. superba.