Abstract
Conducting polymer (CP) hybrids, which combine CPs with heterogeneous species, have shown strong potential as electrical transducers in chemosensors. The charge transport properties of CPs are based on chemical redox reactions and provide various chemo-electrical signal transduction mechanisms. Combining CPs with other functional materials has provided opportunities to tailor their major morphological and physicochemical properties, often resulting in enhanced sensing performance. The hybrids can provide an enlarged effective surface area for enhanced interaction and chemical specificity to target analytes via a new signal transduction mechanism. Here, we review a selection of important CPs, including polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene and their derivatives, to fabricate versatile organic and inorganic hybrid materials and their chemo-electrical sensing performance. We focus on what benefits can be achieved through material hybridization in the sensing application. Moreover, state-of-the-art trends in technologies of CP hybrid sensors are discussed, as are limitations and challenges.
Highlights
Many candidate materials have been explored for chemosensing materials, and, many different transduction mechanisms have been developed [1]
Betty et al [40] proposed sensing the trace amounts of toxic NO2 gas at room temperature based on SnO2 /PANI heterostructure nanocomposites, which were synthesized by the electrochemical deposition of PANI of various thicknesses on nanocrystalline SnO2 prepared by the Langmuir-Blodgett method
Park et al [61] described a novel method for designing an ultrathin carboxylated PPy (CPPy) layer-wrapped carbon nanotube (CNT) hybrid, which was fabricated by vapor deposition polymerization, and mono-disperse Pd nanoparticles were immobilized on the PPy-CNT hybrid surface by a sonochemical method of PdCl2 (Figure 7A)
Summary
Many candidate materials have been explored for chemosensing materials, and, many different transduction mechanisms have been developed [1]. It of is CPs not easy to achieve selective, specific responses to amaterials target species using onlywith pure CPs. CPs. A variety of heterogeneous materials, including quantum dots, two-dimensional inorganic. CPs chemically specific to target species via intermolecular functional groups on the selectivity of CP sensors. Inorganic or organic metal performance ofand chemosensors, their limitations such as low sensitivity and selectivity stilloxide/CP remain a hybrid materials have been applied in high-performance owing to been their synergetic challenge. Inorganic or organic metal oxide/CP chemosensors hybrid materials have applied in effects and enhanced capacity for owing gas interaction we provide an overview high-performance chemosensors to their [1,10,13,14]. We provide an overview of the state-of-the-art technologies of CP hybrids for gas chemo-electrical sensors and discuss their limitations and challenges.
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