Abstract
The mandibular glands of the stem-nesting Indian beePithitis smaragdula contain a mixture of salicylaldehyde, citronellyl acetate, geranyl acetate, pentadecane, heptadecane, ethyl tetradecanoate, and ethyl hexadecanoate. Salicylaldehyde is reported for the first time from a hymenopterous source. The secretion, emitted when the bee is disturbed, is rubbed with the legs over the bee's body and the disturbing object. The reactivity of some of the components in combination with the bee's behavior make the glandular exudate an effective defensive secretion.
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