Abstract
Rain event samples have been collected at various sites in Israel since the winter of 1979/1980. The sampling and analysis program, based on WMO recommendations for background networks, includes the following rain constituents: precipitation amount, pH, S0 4 2−, NO 3 −, Cl −, Na +, K +, Ca 2+, Mg 2+, alkalinity and conductivity. The sampling was performed manually, and the analysis was based on wet chemistry for ions, and atomic absorption for metals. Analysis of 130 rain event samples collected during three hydrological years showed that natural sources, sea salt and soil carbonates, are the main contributors to rain chemistry. Anthropogenic contribution was insignificant. The pH data show that rain in Israel is acidic only in a few cases and averages 6.5. The rain in Israel is simultaneously high in sea salt and soil components, due to a unique meteorological phenomenon which causes the air to be rich in sea salt and mineral particles before and during the passage of stormy cold fronts. The concentrations of a few components are some of the highest ever reported.
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