Abstract
Acrylamide-based polymers are used widely in water and wastewater treatment to enhance flocculation processes. It is often assumed that a polymer’s molecular weight and its type and amount of electrical charge are the crucial parameters governing its performance. Yet it is clear that the actual chemical structure of a polymer plays a key role in both process performance and in the subsequent fate of the substance. This paper relates specific aspects of polymer chemistry, such as ionizable sites, degree of cross-linkage, and hydrolyzable pendant groups, to effectiveness in flocculation. The degree of biodegradability of cationic polyacrylamides - and their ultimate environmental fate - are also related to chemical structure, and this should be taken into account in order to minimize undesirable performance and effects when using these polymers.
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