Abstract
Cenostigma microphyllum (Mart. ex G. Don) Gagnon & G. P. Lewis and Cenostigma pyramidale (Tul.) Gagnon & G.P. Lewis are endemic species of the Caatinga biome, popularly known as “catingueira” and “catinga-de-porco”, respectively. Studies in lipid chemistry have been dedicated to the evaluation of vegetable oils extracted from unconventional seeds because of its bioactive compounds and sensory characteristics. This study aimed to determine the chemical composition and develop emulsions with fixed oils obtained from the seeds of two species of the genus Cenostigma. The oils were characterized for yield, chemical composition using NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy), FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) and GC-MS (Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry), as well as evaluated physicochemically. The fixed oils were used for the development of emulsions, being evaluated for preliminary stability. With an average yield of 18.35%, the evaluation of the chemical composition of the oils showed linoleic acid as the majority fatty acid, with more than 50% in each oil. The physicochemical characterization indicated that the fixed oil from C. microphyllum (FOCm) and the fixed oil from C. pyramidale (FOCp) reproduce values within the standard for this type of product: acidity of 2.52 and 2.02 mg KOH g−1, peroxide value of 3.04 and 1.94 meq kg−1, saponification value of 235.00 and 229.80 mg KOH g−1, density of 0.926 and 0.922 g mL−1, viscosity of 70.07 mPa.s and 64.96 mPa.s and refractive index of 1.469 and 1.467, respectively. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that FOCm has stability up to 322 °C and FOCp up to 334 °C. Stable emulsions suitable for topical use, pseudoplastic and with cosmetic potential were obtained. It was possible to extract and characterize for the first time the fixed oils from the seeds of these two caatinga tree species. The majority composition of linoleic acid, as well as the quality standard favors the potential application of these oils in cosmetic emulsions.
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