Abstract
Despite being known for 5000 years, after the records of imperial Chinese doctors, cannabinoids as a subject of scientific research experienced its rise after 1964, when delta nine tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ 9 THC) by Israeli scientists was identified. This was followed by the discovery of endogenous ligand / endocannabinoids, as well as receptors CB1 and CB2. In a broader sense, endocannabinoids act as neuromodulators and immunomodulators. They are included in the various physiological processes such as: the occurrence of pain, cognition, memory formation and neuroplasticity, physical activity, respiratory processes, appetite regulation, control and heart rate, nausea and emesis, intraocular pressure, inflammatory and immune processes (antigen recognition).
Highlights
Endocannabinoids were named after a plant cannabis or fitocannabinoids
Studying fitocannabinoids has resulted in the development of the most important physiological endocannabinoid system (ECS) that is important for the establishment and maintaining homeostasis in humans
The following research led to the development of a receptor on which THC is connected as well as the development of endocannabinoid and endocannabioid system.[1] molecular pharmacologist William Anthony Dekane in 1992.The name itself was given according to the Sanskrit word ananda which means blissfulness.[2]
Summary
Endocannabinoids were named after a plant cannabis or fitocannabinoids. Studying fitocannabinoids has resulted in the development of the most important physiological endocannabinoid system (ECS) that is important for the establishment and maintaining homeostasis in humans. Synthesis of anandomide in neuron is stimulated by a binding of a neurotransmitter that is released from presynaptic neuron in an adequate inotrope or metabotropic receptor on postsynaptic neuron. This process causes increased cytosolic free calcium-ions concentration in postsynaptic neuron which represents a stimulant for synthesis and releasing endocannabinoids from their precursors in a membrane. Endocannabinoids are intracellular transmitters (vectors) of signals close to the neurons in synapsis Since they are lipophilic molecules, they are not contained in intracellular vasculum but after synthesis, they become a part of cellular membrane. Schematic diagram of endocannabinoid activity in presinapse and retrogressive modulation of releasing neurotransmitters glutamate and GABA (gammaamino fatty acid), AEA (arachidonyletanolamid), 2-AG (2arachidonyl-glycerol) (20). It is generally considered that psychoactive cannabinoid results are dispatched through CB1 receptors, while immunomodular ones are dispatched through CB2 receptors.[21,28,29,30]
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