Abstract
A number of novel experimental one- and two-dimensional NMR techniques are presented which have been found to be extremely useful for the elucidation of the structures of carotenoids. These are the rotating-frame experiments TOCSY (Total Correlation Spectroscopy, also named HOHAHA) and ROESY (Rotating Frame Nuclear Overhauser Effect Spectroscopy). Moreover, some applications of the very sensitive 1H-detected one-bond and multiple-bond versions of 1H,13C-correlated 2D COSY will be presented. These techniques will be applied to the derivation of the structures of the novel C40 retro carotenoid 1 ((3S,5R,3'S,5'R)-4,5-dihydro-4,5'-retro- f3,G-carotene-3,5,3',5'-tetrol) and of the hepta- and octaacetate derivatives &I and & of the microalgal glycosidic carotenoid P457 2 (13'-cis-7',8'-dihydroneoxanthin-2O-al 3'43-lactoside). Advantages and limitations of these techniques are discussed with respect to structure elucidations in the field of carotenoids.
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