Abstract
Sulfur is the element with the largest number of allotropes of which those consisting of cyclic molecules Sn (n = 6 − 20) are discussed in this chapter - their preparation, molecular and crystal structures, molecular spectra (IR, Raman, MS, UV) and thermodynamic properties (melting points, enthalpies of formation, entropies and heat capacities). In addition, the chromatographic separation of Sn molecules (n = 6 − 26) by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) is discussed and the detection of Sn as components of various reaction mixtures (liquid sulfur, irradiated sulfur solutions, synthetic sulfurs from acidified thiosulfate or from the thermal decomposition of unstable iodosulfanes) by HPLC or Raman spectroscopy is reviewed. The homocyclic cations Sn+ (observed in the vapor phase only) and Sn2+ (isolated as cations in crystalline solids) are related to elemental sulfur not only by their structures but also by their preparation. The synthesis, spectra, structures and some reactions of salts containing the species Sn2+ (n = 4, 8, 19) are discussed in some detail. The homocyclic sulfur oxides Sn0 (n = 6 − 10) and S702 are also derivatives of sulfur rings Sn and their preparation, structures, bonding, molecular spectra and chemical reactions are reviewed. Finally the homocyclic sulfur iodide cations S7I+ and S14I3+ as components of salt-like solids are briefly discussed. The literature is covered up to spring 1983.
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