Abstract
We have found that impurities on the ppm level in malonic acid are sufficient to alter dramatically a sequence of bifurcations in the Belousov-Zhabotinskii (BZ) reaction. Samples of malonic acid from 15 vendors were tested, and each was found to contain one or more of the following impurities that affect the reaction dynamics: iron, paraformaldehyde, ethanol, methanol, ethyl ester, and methyl ester. We describe a straightforward procedure for purifying malonic acid. Reproducible bifurcation structures can only be observed with the highly purified malonic acid. Measurements with varying amounts of the above-mentioned impurities added to purified malonic acid show the striking effect of impurities on the dynamics of the BZ reaction.
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