ChemInform Abstract: An Eco‐Friendly Synthesis of Novel 3,5‐Disubstituted‐1,2‐isoxazoles in PEG‐400, Employing the Et3N‐Promoted Hydroamination of Symmetric and Unsymmetric 1,3‐Diyne‐indole Derivatives.

Abstract

A facile, efficient and atom-economic synthesis of 3,5-disubstituted 1,2-isoxazoles bearing indole moieties, is reported. The synthesis of these isoxazoles was carried out by the triethylamine-promoted reaction of symmetric and unsymmetric 1,3-diyne indole derivatives with hydroxylamine in PEG-400, as an eco-friendly solvent, under relatively mild conditions. The synthesis of the starting 1,3-diyne indole derivatives was performed by the aerobic self-coupling of diversely functionalized N-propargyl indoles and N-propargyl carbazole under copper catalysis, or by the reaction of the propargyl derivatives with phenyl- or p-tolyl-acetylene under combined nickel and copper catalysis. The isoxazolation reaction was optimized, its scope and limitations were studied and a detailed reaction mechanism was proposed.