Abstract
Chemically modifying vegetable oils to produce an alternative to petroleum-based materials is one of the most important emerging industrial research areas today because of the adverse effects of petroleum products on the environment and the shortage of petroleum resources. Biolubricants, bioplasticizers, non-isocyanate polyurethanes, biofuel, coating materials, biocomposites, and other value-added chemicals can easily be produced by chemically modifying vegetable oils. This short review discusses using vegetable oils or their derivatives to prepare lubricants that are environmentally safe. Chemically modified vegetable oils are generally used as base fluids to formulate environmentally friendly lubricants. Reports of their application as sustainable additives have attracted special attention recently because of their enhanced multifunctional performances (single additives perform several functions, i.e., viscosity index improver, pour point depressant, antiwear products) and biodegradability compared with commercial additives. Here, we have reviewed the use of chemically modified vegetable oils as base fluids and additives to prepare a cost-effective and environmentally friendly lubricant composition.
Highlights
Producing materials from renewable feed stocks that are useful to various industrial fields as alternatives to depleting petro-originated resources has attracted considerable attention in recent years.Vegetable oils (VOs) have low ecotoxicity and are readily available and biodegradable
Materials obtained from vegetable oils, such as soybean oil, sunflower oil, palm oil, rapeseed oil, castor oil, and vernonia oil, have an application in various fields, including foods, fuels, biolubricants, coatings and paints, adhesives, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, plasticizers, and construction materials
Depending on the nature of the base oil, which is the main component of lubricants, they might be categorized as mineral, synthetic, or as a biolubricant/green lubricant
Summary
Producing materials from renewable feed stocks that are useful to various industrial fields as alternatives to depleting petro-originated resources has attracted considerable attention in recent years. Biolubricants produced from vegetable oils are more costly than mineral lubricants, they are a promising alternative to synthetic and mineral oil-based lubricants because of their specific functional attributes such as high viscosity index, good lubricity, superior anticorrosion properties, high flash point, high biodegradability, and low aquatic toxicity [5,6]. Thisofcost currently increases oil acidity, viscosity, corrosion, and volatility VOs to reach a desirable replacement of mineral lubricants by biolubricants for commercial purposes These limitations can, performance level without increasing the cost.VOs. Extensive research is being conductedlevel worldwide be mitigated by chemically modifying to reach a desirable performance withoutto produce the lubricant base stocks or additives from vegetable oils moretoeconomically [25,26,27,28].
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