Chemically modified konjac glucomannan with high colloid osmotic pressure: Physiological evaluation in a rabbit model as a plasma substitute

Abstract

Carboxylmethylated konjac glucomannan (CKGM) is a carboxylmethylated polymer of mannose and glucose that is derived from the plant Amorphophallus konjac cultivated in East Asia. The CKGM solution had a high volume-expanding efficacy and was evaluated as a plasma substitute in the present study. Ameliorative hemorrhagic shock rabbits were used as the model animals. The in vivo hemodynamic and hemorheologic properties, including blood pressure, blood viscosity, hematocrit, erythrocyte deformation index and erythrocyte aggregation index, were measured in animals treated in the CKGM solution. The in vitro colloid osmotic pressure (COP) of the CKGM solution was measured to estimate its plasma-expanding efficacy. These parameters of the CKGM-treated group were compared with groups exposed to four other treatments: human serum albumin (HSA), hydroxyethyl starch (HES), polygeline and normal saline. The CKGM solution showed an exceptionally higher COP than other therapy solutions. For example, the COP of 1% (weight in volume [w/v]) CKGM solution is comparable to those of 6% (w/v) HES solution and 5% (w/v) HSA solution. Accordingly, the CKGM solution can be transfused in a much lower dosage while maintaining its plasma-expanding efficacy. The CKGM-treated group showed an improved intravascular persistence and good hemodynamic and hemorheological properties. Biopsy analysis suggested no organ dysfunction in the group treated in CKGM solution. Moreover, the high plasma-expanding efficacy and inexpensive availability of the CKGM solution may facilitate its clinical application as a potential plasma substitute.