Abstract
Among the many visionary experiences referred to in Jewish apocalyptic literature (constituted mostly by texts composed between 3 BCE and 2 CE) a small group of episodes is striking because they involve unusual preparatory practices. In the text examined (the pseudepigraphic Fourth Book of Ezra or 4Ezra), more usual means of visionary preparation are present fasting, mourning, praying but the chemical episodes stand out in their uniqueness. Such practices are altogether absent in other apocalypses but there are many parallels in Persian texts, which may imply influence of the latter on the Jewish text. We must also take into consideration whatever scientific information on the nature of such in-
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