Abstract
Results from an laboratory test campaign show that of the parameters included in the experimental plan design; average operational temperature, cryolite ratio (CR) and cathode grade, the operational temperature had the most statistically significant effect on the formation of chemically induced sludge. However, the precipitation of cryolitic species under the metal pad (i.e. chemically induced sludge) is also a function of concentration polarization and alumina depletion rate. The interactions between the carbide layers and the sludge can explain the increased time of back-feeding for some cathode linings. The result of interaction between chemically induced sludge and alumina-rich sludge, is a low-density mixture that is back-fed into the bulk of the bath in the cell.
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