Abstract
The present investigation has enabled us to convert inactive β-manganese dioxide to high electrochemically active types by chemical processes. Natural and chemically prepared β-manganese dioxides were roasted at 1050 °C to from Mn 2O 4. This compound was subjected to activation treatment using hydrochloric and sulfuric acid under various reaction conditions. The manganese dioxide so obtained was examined by X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric, differential thermal and chemical analyses. The structure of the dioxide obtained was found to be greatly dependent on the origin of MnO 2 and type of acid used. Treatement with hydrochloric acid yield the so-called γ-variety while sulfuric acid tended to produce γ- or α-MnO 2. In addition, waste manganese sulfate obtained as by-product from sulfuric acid digestion treatment was recycled and electrolytically oxidized to γ-MnO 2. The discharge performance of the above-mentioned MnO 2 samples as battery cathodic active material was evaluated and compared with the ordinary battery grade.
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