Abstract
Chemical-looping technology is one of the promising CO2 capture technologies. It generates a CO2 enriched flue gas, which will greatly benefit CO2 capture, utilization or sequestration. Both chemical-looping combustion (CLC) and chemical-looping gasification (CLG) have the potential to be used to generate power, chemicals, and liquid fuels. Chemical-looping is an oxygen transporting process using oxygen carriers. Recently, attention has focused on solid fuels such as coal. Coal chemical-looping reactions are more complicated than gaseous fuels due to coal properties (like mineral matter) and the complex reaction pathways involving solid fuels. The mineral matter/ash and sulfur in coal may affect the activity of oxygen carriers. Oxygen carriers are the key issue in chemical-looping processes. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) has been widely used for the development of oxygen carriers (e.g., oxide reactivity). Two proposed processes for the CLC of solid fuels are in-situ Gasification Chemical-Looping Combustion (iG-CLC) and Chemical-Looping with Oxygen Uncoupling (CLOU). The objectives of this review are to discuss various chemical-looping processes with coal, summarize TGA applications in oxygen carrier development, and outline the major challenges associated with coal chemical-looping in iG-CLC and CLOU.
Highlights
World energy demand has changed dynamically and is projected 37% higher in 2040 due to regional growth in China, India, Southeast Asia, the Middle East, and parts of Africa and Latin America [1]
Syngas chemical-looping combustion reactors have been widely researched, so this review focuses on direct solid fuel CLC
Experimental results and kinetics obtained from Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) provide some useful information for the design and operation of chemical-looping process
Summary
World energy demand has changed dynamically and is projected 37% higher in 2040 due to regional growth in China, India, Southeast Asia, the Middle East, and parts of Africa and Latin America [1]. Low-carbon sources (nuclear and renewables), oil, and natural gas will almost supply energy demands by 2040 because coal is abundant and its supply is relatively secure [1]. The future use of coal faces challenges such as high efficiency, low pollution, and reduced CO2 emission. A major driving force for the development of chemical-looping technology in coal utilization is to control carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Chemical-looping is one of the promising CO2 capture technologies along with pre-combustion, post-combustion, and oxy-combustion. It generates a CO2-enriched flue gas, which will greatly benefit
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