Abstract
Chemical compounds of wood preservation from plants vary and are not known specific to the species. Chemical analysis of plants is responsible to ensure active compound in natural extracts wood treatment. There are many sources of natural extracts found in Indonesia that were explored for wood preservatives chemicals. They are bark of acacia and alstonia, leaves of orthosiphon and azardirachta and Dioscorea tubers The present study was aimed at investigating the variation of the chemical constituent of natural extracts material of wood preservative through GC-MS analysis. Five natural extract sources were acacia bark (Acacia spp.), pulai bark (Alstonia scholaris), kumis kucing leaves (Orthosiphon spp.), mimba leaves (Azardirachta indica), and gadung tubers (Dioscorea spp.). Two non-polar solvents, i.e., n-hexane and petroleum ether were used for five natural source extractions following ASTM soxhlet extraction. The research showed that triterpene and fatty acid derivatives were the major compounds present in five natural extracts. They were lupeol; 7,22-Ergostadienone; Lup-20(29)-en-3-one; Lup-20(29)-en-3-ol, acetate, (3.beta.)-; urs-12-en-3-one; ethanol,2,2-diethoxy-; stigmasta-5,22-dien-3-ol, acetate,(3.beta.)-; 5H-3,5a-Epoxynaphth[2,1-c]oxepin, dodecahydro-3,8,8,11a-tetramethyl-; linoleic acid; naphthalene, 1-methyl-. These compounds have been assigned as the possibly responsible to against termites or fungi.
Highlights
The new paradigm of wood preservation is related to the environmental safety
Several synthetic chemicals have been banned recently for wood protection uses by the U.S Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
The constituents of five plant extracts were successively extracted by non-polar organic solvents of n-hexane and petroleum ether
Summary
The new paradigm of wood preservation is related to the environmental safety. The use of synthetic preservative has long resulted in environs losses. Several synthetic chemicals have been banned recently for wood protection uses by the U.S Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The search for natural, safe, friendly, and none non-polluting bioactive chemical compounds from plants as an alternative to synthetic preservative becomes essential (Hu et al 2015). Plant extract contains chemical constituent which has high potency for wood preservatives. Sources of plant extract are found many type such as leaves, barks, wood, tubers, seeds etc. Extractives of white mulberry heartwood were contained higher hydrocarbons, fatty acids, sterols, and phenols that were toxic against decay termites (Se Golpayegani et al 2014). The type of solvent has affected the extraction results and affected the resistance of termites (Kadir et al 2015, Syofuna et al 2012). N-hexane fraction from T. officinale leaves was detected and reported as antioxidant and antimicrobial (Ivanov et al 2017). Prayitno et al (2017) concluded that natural extracts have influenced the wood adhesion
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