Abstract
The chemical variation of the annual essential oils from Pimenta dioca (PdEOs) grown in the Northern Highlands of Puebla, Mexico, and their biological activities were determined. Eugenol (>50%) and beta-myrcene (>16%) were the main volatiles contained in the annual PdEOs (2022-2024) extracted from fruit and leaves. PdEOs showed inhibitory properties on human pancreatic lipase (IC50, 33-44 µg/mL) through mixed type inhibition with clear eugenol involvement (IC50, 47 µg/mL). The oral administration of PdEOs and eugenol combined with corn oil on ICR mice (p < 0.01), confirmed a strong anti-hypertriglyceridemic activity at 3 and 4.5 h post-treatment. PdEOs showed low toxicity in 3T3 fibroblasts and probiotics (IC50 >500 µg/mL), whereas high lethal dose in ICR mice (LD50 >8000 mg/kg BW). Eugenol, beta-myrcene and PdEOs decreased Helicobacter pylori viability acting as mixed inhibitors on urease. Results of anti-lipase and anti-H.pylori urease assays were endorsed by docking calculations.
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