Abstract
The direct chemical vapour deposition of freestanding graphene gyroids with controlled sub-60 nm unit cell sizes is demonstrated. Three-dimensional (3D) nickel templates were fabricated through electrodeposition into a selectively voided triblock terpolymer. The high temperature instability of sub-micron unit cell structures was effectively addressed through the early introduction of the carbon precursor, which stabilizes the metallized gyroidal templates. The as-grown graphene gyroids are self-supporting and can be transferred onto a variety of substrates. Furthermore, they represent the smallest free standing periodic graphene 3D structures yet produced with a pore size of tens of nm, as analysed by electron microscopy and optical spectroscopy. We discuss generality of our methodology for the synthesis of other types of nanoscale, 3D graphene assemblies, and the transferability of this approach to other 2D materials.
Highlights
We demonstrate the direct chemical vapour deposition (CVD) of freestanding graphene gyroids with controlled sub‐60nm unit cell sizes
The high temperature instabilities of sub‐micron unit cell structures are avoided through the early introduction of the carbon precursor, which is found to stabilize the metallized gyroidal templates.[23]
The initial polymer templates are fabricated using a polyisoprene‐b‐polystyrene‐poly(ethylene oxide) (ISO) triblock copolymer (Fig. 1a), which is composed of polyisoprene (PI), poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), and polystyrene (PS).[22]
Summary
We demonstrate the direct CVD of freestanding graphene gyroids with controlled sub‐60nm unit cell sizes. We use Ni gyroidal templates prepared through electrodeposition into a selectively voided triblock terpolymer.[22] The high temperature instabilities of sub‐micron unit cell structures are avoided through the early introduction of the carbon precursor, which is found to stabilize the metallized gyroidal templates.[23] The as‐grown graphene gyroids are self‐supporting and can be transferred from the deposition substrate.
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