Chemical Treatments to Reduce Antinutritional Factors in Salseed (Shorea robusta) Meal: Effect on Nutrient Digestibility in Colostomized Hens and Intact Broilers

Abstract

This study investigated the effects of chemical treatments of salseed meal (SSM) on nutrient digestibility and digestive enzymes in colostomized hens and intact broilers. Finely ground SSM was treated (820 mL/ kg of SSM DM) with distilled water (pH 5.3), 0.67 M acetic acid (pH 2.4), or 0.67 M sodium hydrogen carbonate (pH 8.2), and incubated for 12 h at 37°C. Five isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets each for colostomized hens (25.6 g of N/kg of DM and 12.5 MJ/kg of DM) and for broilers (33.6 g of N/kg of DM and 12.3 MJ/kg of DM) were formulated. For each group, 1 of these diets was wheat-based (control) whereas the other 4 were SSM-based diets (untreated SSM or SSM treated with water, acetic acid, and sodium bicarbonate). Inclusion of SSM in diets markedly reduced apparent protein and starch digestibility in hens and broilers. Chemical treatments of SSM improved the protein and starch digestibilities in colostomized hens and broilers. Treatment of SSM with alkali reduced the pancreatic hypertrophy in broilers that was observed when SSM was included in the diet. Inclusion of SSM in broiler diets did not affect pancreatic trypsinogen activity; however, chymotrypsinogen and α-amylase activities were depressed with its inclusion. Activities of these enzymes were improved by all chemical treatments of SSM. Dietary inclusion of SSM in broiler diets depressed the activities of trypsin, chymotrypsin, and α-amylase in the jejunal digesta. Alkali treatment proved to be the most effective in reducing the adverse effects of SSM upon trypsin and chymotrypsin activities. The hens receiving SSM in their diets produced eggs with discolored yolks (dirty greenish-yellow). In conclusion, nutrient digestibility, and pancreatic and intestinal enzymes were markedly depressed with the inclusion of SSM in the diets of the fowl. Bicarbonate was the most effective treatment to improve nutrient digestibility and mitigate, to some extent, the poor digestion of SSM.