Abstract
Phenol formaldehyde resin catalysed by calcium oxide was synthesised under controlled temperature, material mixture ratios. The effects of catalysts on chemical structure of phenol formaldehyde resin was investigated by high performance liquid chromatography, fourier transform infrared and differential scanning calorimetry. The results indicated that synthesis parameters, including formaldehyde to phenol molar ratio and catalyst to phenol ratio, influence the rate of cure. Phenol formaldehyde resin catalysed by calcium oxide showed higher addition of formaldehyde onto ortho positions of phenolic rings, whereas in the presence of sodium hydroxyde addition onto para sites was favoured. The result of DSC was applied to investigate that Phenol formaldehyde resin catalysed by calcium oxide could cure at a low temperature.
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