Abstract
A new tube type Pb2+ sensor made from two types of mixtures, namely clay-PbI2 and chitosan-PbI2 were prepared. An electromotive force (EMF) with Ag/AgCl as the reference electrode was used as the output signal. The highest performance of the Pb2+ sensor from clay-PbI2 was obtained at Pb2+ solutions in HNO3 and pH 3 with sensor sensitivity of 20.67 mV/decade. The highest performance of the Pb2+ sensor from chitosan-PbI2 was obtained at Pb2+ solutions in demineralized water with sensor sensitivity of 32.49 mV / decade. Application of the two sensors on several commercial herbal samples resulted in an average recovery of 85.62% and 94.10% for sensor from chitosan-PbI2 and clay-PbI2, respectively
Highlights
In accordance to the Indonesia Regulation of theFood and Drug Administration No 32 of 2019, limit of lead metal contamination in herbal medicines is 10 ppm (BPOM RI, 2019)
Metal contamination has been found in many traditional medicines due to nonstandard process, unsafe storage and packaging conditions that may lead to poisoning
The presence of heavy metal contamination can cause health effects for humans depends on the metal-bound body parts
Summary
In accordance to the Indonesia Regulation of theFood and Drug Administration No 32 of 2019, limit of lead metal contamination in herbal medicines is 10 ppm (BPOM RI, 2019). Clay_PbI2_1 is a Pb2+ sensor of 3:1 ratio, the sensor measures Pb2+ (A; B; C) solutions in a concentration range of 1 μM - 0.1 M. The Clay_PbI2_2 sensor was used in a high acidity solution, the sensor is not damaged (more robust and does not leak) and produces a more stable signal.
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