Abstract
Recent advancement in nanoscience and nanotechnology has witnessed numerous triumphs of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanomaterials due to their various exotic and multifunctional properties and wide applications. As a remarkable and functional material, ZnO has attracted extensive scientific and technological attention, as it combines different properties such as high specific surface area, biocompatibility, electrochemical activities, chemical and photochemical stability, high-electron communicating features, non-toxicity, ease of syntheses, and so on. Because of its various interesting properties, ZnO nanomaterials have been used for various applications ranging from electronics to optoelectronics, sensing to biomedical and environmental applications. Further, due to the high electrochemical activities and electron communication features, ZnO nanomaterials are considered as excellent candidates for electrochemical sensors. The present review meticulously introduces the current advancements of ZnO nanomaterial-based chemical sensors. Various operational factors such as the effect of size, morphologies, compositions and their respective working mechanisms along with the selectivity, sensitivity, detection limit, stability, etc., are discussed in this article.
Highlights
The rapid growth of industries and frequent use of chemicals in textile, pharmaceutical, food and automobile industries have contributed to a major threat to the survival of living beings on theEarth [1,2,3]
The different types of operational factors such as the effect of size, morphology and the respective working mechanisms of nano-zinc oxide (ZnO)-based sensors, along with their selectivity and sensitivity behavior will be considered in detail
Nanostructures has provided a diverse range of spatial structures and specific areas for the particles formed. These particles have provided a diverse range of capabilities for the circulation of analytes during adsorption-desorption of different types of moieties [20]. These different types of morphologies have a direct influence on the amount of surface defects, involving the concentration of oxygen vacancies to modulate the conductivity of ZnO nanoparticles, which is quite essential for the detection of chemical analytes by using electrochemical sensing [21]
Summary
The rapid growth of industries and frequent use of chemicals in textile, pharmaceutical, food and automobile industries have contributed to a major threat to the survival of living beings on the. The presence of a good response rate towards the chemical toxins with outstanding selectivity and sensitivity makes it one of the most significant materials for preparing low cost sensors [6]. ZnO nanomaterials among the potential contenders for the preparation of effective chemical and biological sensors [9]. A large number of literature works has been produced for the fabrication of different types of sensing devices based on ZnO nanostructures, the challenge of an effective and selective sensing was still not discussed in detail [14,15]. The different types of operational factors such as the effect of size, morphology and the respective working mechanisms of nano-ZnO-based sensors, along with their selectivity and sensitivity behavior will be considered in detail
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