Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and carbon dioxide (CO2) present in oil and natural gas cause mild steel corrosion, potentially resulting in formation of corrosion product layers on the internal surfaces of tubulars. In field experiences relating to the research reported herein, this has led to restrictions on the flow of water produced from a three-phase horizontal separator. This paper demonstrates a specific case of chemical removal of relatively hard, dark, and adherent heterogeneous deposits on the internal surface of the pipe. The phases involved in this process are iron sulfide, iron oxides and calcium carbonate existing as scales/corrosion products. To evaluate their dissolution, laboratory tests were conducted using hydrochloric acid (HCl) with additions of chlorine in the form of calcium hypochlorite [Ca(ClO)2]. Appropriate safety measures were taken employed, considering hazards associated with chlorine and toxicity of hydrogen sulfide. The treatment regime had 87 % effectiveness for scale removal in combination with propargyl alcohol (2-propyn-1-ol) as a corrosion inhibitor.
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