Abstract
De novo fatty acid biosynthesis in higher plants is located in the plastids, and starts from acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can not pass biomembranes and has to be synthesized in the plastid compartment. There are two independent enzyme activities which may provide acetyl-CoA. 1) the AMP-forming acetyl-CoA synthetase (ACS), which forms acetyl-CoA from acetate, ATP and CoA and 2) the plastidic pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (pPDHC) [3]. The ACS of higher plants is localized exclusively in the plastids [1]. The substrate acetate is generated in the mitochondria and enters the plastid by diffusion [2]. The pPDHC is a large multienzyme complex, which consists of three different enzyme activities. Pyruvate can be be taken up from the cytoplasm or be generated within plastids which appear to be autonomous in forming acetyl-CoA from glucose [4].
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