Abstract
Recent experimental studies of the chemical characterization of the first two transactinide elements, rutherfordium (Rf) and dubnium (Db), conducted atom-at-a-time in aqueous phases are reviewed. A short description on experimental techniques based on partition methods, specifically automated rapid chemical separation systems, is also given. Perspectives for aqueous-phase chemistry experiments on heavier elements are briefly discussed.
Highlights
Chemical studies of the transactinide elements with atomic numbers Z ≥ 104 provide crucial and challenging opportunities to advance our understanding of properties of matter at the limits of existence but they elucidate the influence of relativistic effects on atomic electrons and the architecture of the Periodic Table of the Elements at the farthest reach [1,2,3,4,5,6]
These elements are all man-made ones synthesized at accelerators using nuclear reactions of heavy-ion beams with heavy element target materials and they can only be identified by measuring their characteristic nuclear decay, or that of their known daughter nuclei, with sensitive detection techniques
The chemical characterization of the transactinide elements in aqueous-phase experiments has been accomplished by partition methods with single atoms, e.g. liquid-liquid extraction, ion-exchange chromatography, and reversed-phase extraction chromatography
Summary
Chemical studies of the transactinide elements with atomic numbers Z ≥ 104 provide crucial and challenging opportunities to advance our understanding of properties of matter at the limits of existence but they elucidate the influence of relativistic effects on atomic electrons and the architecture of the Periodic Table of the Elements at the farthest reach [1,2,3,4,5,6] These elements are all man-made ones synthesized at accelerators using nuclear reactions of heavy-ion beams with heavy element target materials and they can only be identified by measuring their characteristic nuclear decay, or that of their known daughter nuclei, with sensitive detection techniques. Large parts of this paper are based on previous review articles [7,8,9,10]
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