Abstract
Objective: The present study was designed to evaluate the chemical composition of the essential oil of Buchanania lanzan Spreng extracted from the seeds and to evaluate in vitro antimicrobial antioxidants and molecular docking studies of the major bioactive compounds of essential oil.
 Methods: The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation of the B. lanzan seeds and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Antibacterial activity was evaluated against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Vibrio cholerae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae clinical isolates by disk diffusion method and resazurin assay determined the minimum inhibitory concentration. The in vitro antioxidant activity was determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) scavenging assay; the essential oil major bioactive compounds are Androstan-3-ol, Campesterol, and γ-Sitosterol were docked against bacterial protein DNA gyrase.
 Results: GC-MS analysis exhibited the presence of 19 bioactive compounds. The essential oil showed that significant antibacterial activity was noticed against V. cholerae and S. typhi with the highest zone of inhibition 15.67–1.20 and 13.83–0.33, respectively. Antioxidant activity in DPPH and H2O2 scavenging assays with IC50 values of 134.23 and 191.24, respectively. The molecular docking of Androstan-3-ol and γ-Sitosterol with bacterial DNA gyrase unveiled a good binding affinity of −6.4 kcal/mol and −6.3 kcal/ mol, respectively.
 Conclusion: It could be concluded that the essential oils potential sources of antibacterial, antioxidant activities, and molecular docking of bioactive components. The results of this study provide partial scientific support for the traditional application of essential oils to cure diarrhea and also major bioactive compounds responsible for important biological activities.
Highlights
Buchanania lanzan Spreng, a member Anacardiaceae family, very sparsely distributed in hot and dry deciduous forests of India [1]
Herbal medicine is considered an important and a potential source of bioactive compounds to treat contagious diseases and many medicinal herbs screed for their antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, antiinflammatory, and antidiabetic activities which makes them useful for the production and development of new chemotherapeutic drugs
Several studies have revealed that the crude extract of leaves B. lanzan possesses immunostimulant antioxidant, antidiarrheal, antispasmodic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective properties
Summary
Buchanania lanzan Spreng, a member Anacardiaceae family, very sparsely distributed in hot and dry deciduous forests of India [1]. The tree can be identified by its dark grey crocodile bark with a red blaze. It is distributed in tropical deciduous forests of the Central Western Ghats of Karnataka and it is one of the endangered plants in Western Ghats of India listed in red data book [2], and Southern Eastern Ghats of Tamil Nadu and the hill ranges of Central India, mostly in the States of Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, and Uttar Pradesh trees are found Besides India, other tropical Asian countries, Australia and the Pacific islands trees are distributed [3]. Several studies have revealed that the crude extract of leaves B. lanzan possesses immunostimulant antioxidant, antidiarrheal, antispasmodic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective properties. The roots of the plant have been reported to possess astringent properties and are used in the management of diarrhea [5,6]
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