Abstract
Plants belonging to the Asteraceae family are widely used as traditional medicinal herbs around the world for the treatment of numerous diseases. In this work, the chemical profiles of essential oils (EOs) of the above-ground parts of Pluchea dioscoridis (L.) DC. and Erigeron bonariensis (L.) were studied in addition to their cytotoxic and anti-aging activities. The extracted EOs from the two plants via hydrodistillation were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). GC-MS of EO of P. dioscoridis revealed the identification of 29 compounds representing 96.91% of the total oil. While 35 compounds were characterized from EO of E. bonariensis representing 98.21%. The terpenoids were found the main constituents of both plants with a relative concentration of 93.59% and 97.66%, respectively, including mainly sesquiterpenes (93.40% and 81.06%). α-Maaliene (18.84%), berkheyaradulen (13.99%), dehydro-cyclolongifolene oxide (10.35%), aromadendrene oxide-2 (8.81%), β-muurolene (8.09%), and α-eudesmol (6.79%), represented the preponderance compounds of EO of P. dioscoridis. While, trans-α-farnesene (25.03%), O-ocimene (12.58%), isolongifolene-5-ol (5.53%), α-maaliene (6.64%), berkheyaradulen (4.82%), and α-muurolene (3.99%), represented the major compounds EO of E. bonariensis. A comparative study of our results with the previously described data was constructed based upon principal component analysis (PCA) and agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC), where the results revealed a substantial variation of the present studied species than other reported ecospecies. EO of P. dioscoridis exhibited significant cytotoxicity against the two cancer cells, MCF-7 and A-549 with IC50 of 37.3 and 22.3 μM, respectively. While the EO of the E. bonariensis showed strong cytotoxicity against HepG2 with IC50 of 25.6 μM. The EOs of P. dioscoridis, E. bonariensis, and their mixture (1:1) exhibited significant inhibitory activity of the collagenase, elastase, hyaluronidase, and tyrosinase comparing with epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) as a reference. The results of anti-aging showed that the activity of mixture (1:1) > P. dioscoridis > E. bonariensis against the four enzymes.
Highlights
Natural products derived from the plant kingdom represented potent resources for foods, cosmetics, and traditional medicines [1,2]
The chemical characterization of P. dioscoridis essential oils (EOs) was extracted via hydro-distillation afforded golden yellow (0.037%)
The chemical profiles of the extracted EO were assigned depending upon the gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis
Summary
Natural products derived from the plant kingdom represented potent resources for foods, cosmetics, and traditional medicines [1,2]. Due to the complicated composition from different isoprenoids based compounds [7], EOs exhibited several significant biological effects including anti-inflammatory, antipyretic [8], antioxidant [9,10], allelopathy [8,11,12,13,14,15,16,17], antiulcer [18], antimicrobial [8,19], and hepatoprotective [20]. Plants belonging to Conyza genus (Family Asteraceae), including around 150 plant species [22], were described as important traditional medicinal plants in the treatment of toothache, skin diseases, rheumatism, haemorrhoidal, diarrhoeal, and injuries bleeding [23,24]. Some members of Asteraceae were named Conyza formerly; some taxa names have been changed later based on taxonomic criteria. From these taxa, Conyza dioscoridis (L.) Desf. Conyza dioscoridis (L.) Desf. that its accepted name now is Pluchea dioscoridis (L.) DC., and Conyza linifolia (Willd.) Täckh. that have been accepted as Erigeron bonariensis L. [25,26]
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