Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the volatile phytochemical constituents and evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of the leaves from Croton adipatus, Croton thurifer, and Croton collinus. Essential oils were extracted by hydro-distillation using the Clevenger extractor and the phytochemical analysis was determined by Gas chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The antimicrobial activity was assessed using the agar diffusion and colorimetric broth microdilution methods against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027, and Candida albicans ATCC The essential oils from C. adipatus, C. thurifer, and C collinus had 46, 38, and 35 volatile constituents respectively. The main compounds determined in C. adipatus were β-myrcene (18.34%), while in C. collinus was β-caryophyllene (44.7%), and in C. thurifer was an unknown component (C10H16: 22.38%). Essential oil of C. adipatus showed a MIC against B. subtilis (286.4 µg/mL) and C. albicans (572.8 ± 0 µg/mL); C. thurifer against S. aureus (296.1 ± 0 µg/mL) and B. subtilis (148 ± 0 µg/mL); and C. collinus against B. subtilis (72 ± 0 µg/mL) and C. albicans (576.2 ± 0 µg/mL). The three essential oils of Croton species demonstrated in vitro antimicrobial activity against a strain of bacteria or fungi.
Highlights
IntroductionThe emergence of antimicrobial resistance has generated alarm in the health system
In recent decades, the emergence of antimicrobial resistance has generated alarm in the health system
C. adipatus, C. thurifer, and C. collinus showed extraction yields similar to the average reported in other species of the Croton genus
Summary
The emergence of antimicrobial resistance has generated alarm in the health system. The medicinal properties of plants have been recognized and have generated a great deal of interest due to their easy access, low toxicity, economic viability and easy preparation forms such as macerations, decoctions, infusions, tinctures, and essential oils [2]. Peru is a megadiverse country due to its geographical location; the Peruvian flora comprises around 25,000 species that are distributed in the different ecological levels. Among the plants belonging to the Euphorbiaceae family, Peru presents 61 genera, and 323 species of which the Croton genus is the most numerous in endemic species [6]. Croton is the second most abundant genus of the Euphorbiaceae family due to its variety and richness, which is why it includes more than 1200 species. In Peru they are found in different regions between altitudes ranging from 110 to 3200 meters above sea level
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