Chemical profile of Tetraclinis articulata (Vahl) Masters, and Juglans regia L. and Olea europaea L. var. Sylvestris used against oral diseases: in vitro analysis between polyphenolic content and aqueous extraction optimization

Hazim Harouak,Jamal Ibijbijen,Laila Nassiri

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07118

Abstract

ObjectiveOptimization of aqueous extraction to extract the maximum amount of polyphenolic compounds that are used to treat oral disorders. MethodsUsing revelation tests for phytochemical screening, Folin-Ciocalteu reagent for total phenols, catechin standard for total flavonoids, acidified vanillin for total condensed tannins, and PCA analysis to detect different correlations between plants and between employed extractions. ResultsThe highest (p < 0.0001); total flavonoides (195,80 ± 2,91 mg CE/g d.e) was obtained from decocted extract of Olea europaea L. subsp. europaea var. sylvestris, total phenolic (167,71 ± 12,52 mg GAE/g d.e) and total condensed tannins (250,44 ± 10,18 mg CE/g d.e) was obtained respectively from soxhlet extract and infused extract of Tetraclinis articulata L. whereas; The correlation analysis using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was positive between infusion and decoction, between total flavonoids and total phenols which is not correlated with total condensed tannins. ConclusionJuglans regia L. bark contain a higher level of polyphenolic constituents than leaves, Decoction extraction of Olea europaea L. var. sylvestris leaf recommended to increase the yield of polychenolic extracts, condensed tannins of Tetraclinis articulata L. are degradable in high temperature.

Highlights

Polyphenols have the ability to inhibit the formation of mixed biofilms on orthodontic surfaces (Farkash et al, 2019), Flavonols of the flavonoid family have been shown to have a positive effect against gram-positive bacteria such as (Staphylococcus aureus, Actinomyces naeslundii and Lactobacillus acidophilus), gram-negative bacteria as (Prevotella oralis, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella melaninogenica), and
Species leaves (Figure 1) and walnut barks were collected during the flowering season from with a code that has been assigned to each species: 3403052.900N 530009.500W in 23/06/2019 for Olea europaea L. var
“JR” (MICSOLENV-JR/N07); 3352039.400N 554054.900W in 03/05/2019 for Tetraclinis articulata (Vahl) Masters “TA” (MICSOLENV-TA/N15); In our laboratory greenhouse; the plants were air-dried at room temperature and passed through a 0.5 mm sieve in a mill; our samples were stored in plastic bags in a dark and dry condition

Summary

Introduction

Among the best preventive means against infectious and degenerative disorders, the biological activity of polyphenolic compounds (Petti and Scully, 2009).Flavanone such as pinocembrin or pinostrobin and chalcones like 2,4 dihydroxychalcone or 2,4-dihydroxy-3-methoxychalcone, are among the polyphenolic compounds which showing a good antimicrobial activity (Avila et al, 2008; Batovska et al, 2009), flavonols named izalpinin, rhamoncitrin and galangin, have revealed a fungicidal activity against Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton rubrum and Microsporum gypsum (Agüero et al, 2010).In dentisetry, Polyphenols have the ability to inhibit the formation of mixed biofilms on orthodontic surfaces (Farkash et al, 2019), Flavonols of the flavonoid family have been shown to have a positive effect against gram-positive bacteria such as (Staphylococcus aureus, Actinomyces naeslundii and Lactobacillus acidophilus), gram-negative bacteria as (Prevotella oralis, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella melaninogenica), and Fusobacterium nucleatum (Cushnie et al, 2007), Luteolin, known as a flavonic component of perilla seed Among the best preventive means against infectious and degenerative disorders, the biological activity of polyphenolic compounds (Petti and Scully, 2009). Flavanone such as pinocembrin or pinostrobin and chalcones like 2,4 dihydroxychalcone or 2,4-dihydroxy-3-methoxychalcone, are among the polyphenolic compounds which showing a good antimicrobial activity (Avila et al, 2008; Batovska et al, 2009), flavonols named izalpinin, rhamoncitrin and galangin, have revealed a fungicidal activity against Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton rubrum and Microsporum gypsum (Agüero et al, 2010). Tetraclinis articulata L. (Cupressaceae), locally called "Al'Araar" or "Azouka" in tachlhit, is among the most popular herbs, widely used in folk medicine (Montanari, 2014), is a herbaceous plant originally from the southwest of the Mediterranean, mainly from Maghreb vegetation, given its richness in essential oils that give it many biological activities it is considered among the most widely used aromatic and medicinal plants in the world (Polunin and Huxley, 1967; Nicolas et al, 2004)

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