Chemical Profile, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Marine Sponge Species Combined with Multivariate Statistical Analyses: Desmapsamma anchorata, Dysidea etheria and Echinodictyum dendroides.

Abstract

Marine sponges are sources of bioactive compounds, sparking pharmacological interest. This study aimed to evaluate the chemical profile, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities of the species Desmapsamma anchorata, Dysidea etheria, and Echinodictyum dendroides. The chemical profile was characterized by the identification and quantification of polyphenols. Antioxidant activity was assessed using different methods. Antibacterial and modulatory activities were evaluated through microdilution against pathogenic strains. The polyphenols were found in low abundance in the extracts. In the antioxidant assays, the EACDa and EMDa extracts exhibited better inhibitory results. In the antibacterial evaluation, extracts presented MIC ≥ 1024 µg mL-1. The modulation of the extracts in combination with antibiotics showed significant effects against the multiresistant bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This study contributes to the deepening of chemical and biological knowledge of sponge species, indicating that their extracts can act as good modulators of bacterial resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics, warranting further investigation into their mechanisms of action.