Abstract
Soy production in Brazil is an important factor for the agro-industrial, economic, and social development of the country. The expansion of soy in the Brazilian territory is mainly due to the incorporation of new genetic characteristics into cultivars that granted resistance to the Cerrado conditions and to herbicides. Currently, Brazilian soy production is the result of genetically modified cultivars. Studies regarding the chemical composition of soybeans show that qualitative and quantitative variations can occur, depending on the region of production. This work aimed to investigate the chemical composition of soybeans produced in different cities of the Triângulo Mineiro region/MG, Brazil (Harvest 2017/2018) and stored in three warehouses located in the city of Uberaba/MG. The grain analysis was made by liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC-MS-ESI). The classes of metabolites identified from methanolic extraction were organic acids, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, sugars, amino acids, dipeptides, nitrogenous bases, nucleosides, sphingolipids, and fatty acids. The isoflavones genistein, daidzein, glycitein, genistin, acetyldaidzin, and acetylgenistin were identified in soybeans from the three warehouses. The flavonoid eriodictyol-O-hexoside was also found. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) from the mass spectrum data obtained by direct injection in the negative and positive modes evidenced the well-defined separation of three groups, indicating that there was variance among the soy samples from each warehouse. The samples from warehouses 1 and 3 showed greater similarity in the Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) in negative mode, while in positive mode, the samples from warehouses 2 and 3 presented greater similarity.
Highlights
The global production of soybean (Glycine max) for the 2017/2018 harvest was around 342 million tons, with a planted area of 124.5 million hectares
The grain analysis was made by liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC-MS-electrospray ionization source (ESI))
From the chromatogram analyses obtained by LC-MS-ESI, in the negative and positive modes, it was possible to infer that the soybeans stored in the three warehouses (Harvest 2017/2018) presented similarities regarding their chemical composition
Summary
The global production of soybean (Glycine max) for the 2017/2018 harvest was around 342 million tons, with a planted area of 124.5 million hectares. The United States ranked first with a production of 120 million tons (USDA, 2020), followed by Brazil with about 119 million grains, representing 34.7% of the world production (CONAB, 2020). Brazilian production in the 2018/2019 harvest was approximately 115 million tons, remaining as the second largest world producer (CONAB, 2020). The projection for the 2019/2020 harvest is that these two countries will remain world leaders in soy production (USDA, 2020). It is estimated that Brazil will export about 75 million tons in 2020, and 44.5 million tons will be used in grinding (CONAB, 2020) for the production of soybean meal and oil. In order to meet a growing demand in human food, soy-based products have been developed in order to provide new healthier foods with a more attractive taste (He & Chen, 2013; Rizzo & Baroni, 2018)
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