Abstract
The effect of chemical reagent (H3PO4, KOH, and NaOH), temperature (400 °C, 475 °C, 550 °C), and impregnation ratio (100 %, 150 %, 200 %) was investigated on the specific surface area and iodine uptake of the carbons produced from almond, walnut, and pistachio-nut shells and date stones. The effect of mesh size and holding time was also studied in the case of almond shell. While the alkali activation of the precursors resulted in such fine powders that purifying them of contaminants was almost impossible, the acid activation of the raw materials produced carbons with high iodine numbers (about 1000 mg I2/g carbon). To further characterize their porosity, the almond-based carbons underwent BET measurements, with the results showing comparatively high surface areas (about 1400 m2/g). The carbons were rather mesoporous, and thus more suitable for liquid applications, which was confirmed by using the carbons in chromium (VI) uptake in another study [1].
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