Abstract
This chapter provides an introduction to the use of chemical oxidation in water treatment, the fundamentals of chemical oxidation and reduction, discussion of the common chemical oxidants used in water treatment, and photolysis theory and applications. Oxidation involves the loss of one or more electrons and reduction involves the gain of one or more electrons. The chapter explores fundamentals of redox reactions, standard electrode potentials and redox equilibrium reactions, and rate of oxidation— reduction processes. Common chemical oxidants used in water treatment are oxygen, chlorine, chlorine dioxide, hydrogen peroxide, ozone, and permanganate. Photolysis is a process by which photons are absorbed by compounds, and the energy released is used to drive light-induced oxidation or reduction processes. The rate at which a compound is photolyzed can be estimated from the rate at which the compound absorbs light and the quantum yield.
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